Geometry arena download8/6/2023 Curious, however, is that the MP lesions also resulted in the toads’ inability to locate the goal based on the visual feature cue. The data support the hypothesis that the amphibian MP is involved when the boundary geometry of an environment is used to locate a goal, which is consistent with evidence from other vertebrate groups. Whereas the sham-operated and intact subjects successfully learned to locate the goal, the MP-lesioned toads showed no evidence of learning. MP-lesioned, sham-operated and intact control terrestrial toads, Rhinella arenarum, were trained to locate a goal in a rectangular arena with a visual feature cue placed on one of the short walls. The medial pallium (MP) of amphibians is the homologue of the mammalian hippocampus, and previous research has implicated MP for locating a using the boundary geometry of an environment. In summary, the animals from the two groups entered the c-Fos stage of the study after they had successfully learned to locate the goal location relying on the boundary geometry of the test environ- ment (Geometry-Only group) or both (independently) the geom- etry of the test environment and the feature panel (Geometry-Fea- ture group). Collectively, the results of the probe tests indicated that both sources of information could be used independently to locate the goal, but geometry was preferred ( fig. 1 d), when the geometric and feature information were set in conflict by moving the feature cue to a long wall. the collective performance of the animals exceeded 50% correct (the chance was 25%), three types of probe tests were conducted: (i) a geometry test, when the feature panel was removed from the arena (ii) a feature test, when the arena was turned into a square, eliminating geometric information but pre- serving the feature on one of the walls, and (iii) a dissociation test ( fig.
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